how to stop maize lethal necrosis disease

Its presence has been confirmed in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Ethiopia. Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease . Stakeholders made the decision on 1 October during a meeting at the station to help determine how to manage the disease in the area. Finally, the entire plant dries and dies (Stefan Toepfer), Leafhoppers: greenish hopping insects 4mm, vectcors MLND (Lynett Elliot), Plant using certified seed from reliable suppliers, Rotate maize with non-cereal crops such as sweet potato or beans for a period of 2-3 seasons if MLND had attacked your or neighbouring fields, Do not plant maize near fields with infested maize as the disease will spread into your field, Avoid movement of green maize from infected areas to disease-free areas. Maize lethal necrosis disease Multiple virus infections Once the disease enters a field there is little that can be done to prevent total loss of the crop. Look for thrips (tiny yellowish-green slender insects) and leafhoppers (small 0.5 cm greenish insects, jumping) on leaves as they spread the disease. The experimental host range where maize lethal necrosis disease is concerned, is restricted to the grass (Poaceae) family with maize being the primary and natural host. Photo: Eric Boa, CABI, CC BY 4.0 Photo: Eric Boa, CABI, CC BY 4.0 . Uproot and burn severely infected plants to stop the disease from spreading. The project for tackling maize lethal necrosis (MLN), funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), was launched at a workshop in Kenya… WHO toxicity class II products may not be allowed in local IPM schemes. Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is expected to invade Zambia. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a disease of maize caused by coinfection of maize with maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and one of several viruses from the Potyviridae, such as sugarcane mosaic virus, maize dwarf mosaic virus, Johnsongrass mosaic virus or wheat streak mosaic virus. Stepping up the fight against maize lethal necrosis in Eastern Africa “I can now identify with accuracy plants affected with maize lethal necrotic disease,” stated Regina Tende, PhD student attached to CIMMYT, after attending the CIMMYT-Kenya Agricultural Research Institute “Identification and Management of Maize Lethal Necrosis” workshop in Narok, Kenya, during 30 June-3 July 2013. About 90% of the regional population depends on maize for food, labor and income. George Mahuku, CIMMYT maize pathologist, explained to participants the combination of factors that are necessary for MLN disease development: the presence of viruses that cause the disease such as maize chlorotic mottle virus and several cereal viruses which individually or in combination infect the maize; the presence of aphids, thrips or other insects that transmit the viruses; the use of maize varieties that are susceptible; and a conducive environment for vectors and disease. The public can be informed about the disease through press releases, posters, brochures, sensitization workshops and radio programmes. Common diseases that affect maize include maize smut, maize streak virus disease, grey leaf spot and maize lethal necrosis. As maize farmers in Nigeria were still battling with losses incurred by army worm, experts have cautioned on another very devastating disease called “Maize Lethal Necrosis” (MLN). Maize lethal necrosis disease. Biology and Ecology Top of page. It continues to cause yield loss of 30–100 percent in farmers’ fields, depending on the time of infestation which is valued at $198 million in Kenya. Possibly carcinogen. Effect of disease in maize. For instance, in Kansas, crop losses due to MLND have been estimated to be 50-90% (Niblett and Claflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al., 1980) depending on the variety of maize and the year. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLN disease, MLND, corn lethal necrosis) is a viral disease affecting maize (corn) predominantly in East Africa, Southeast Asia and South America, which was recognised in 2010. Maize lethal necrosis disease kills the leaves of plants. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLN) is a new virulent maize disease in eastern Africa, first confirmed in Kenya in 2010 and subsequently spreading to neighboring countries. The Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is a result of a combination of two viruses, the Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMoV) and any of the cereal viruses in the Potyviridae group, like the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV), Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) or Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV). The next video is starting stop. Avoid movement of green maize from infected areas to disease-free areas Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is expected to invade Zambia. 0.5 days. Diseases interfere with normal plant growth and lower grain quality. More than 100 people attended, including the county administration, local community leaders, Makueni County agricultural staff, Kiboko farmers and CIMMYT and KARI scientists. Do not grow maize as monoculture in the same area. Do not hesitate to do so, as plants will have no grains in cobs anyway. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) is a serious threat to maize production where it occurs. The Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) is a result of a combination of two viruses, the Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMoV) and any of the cereal viruses in the Potyviridae group, like the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV), Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV) or Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV). Of these two, MCMV is a new virus in the African continent, first recognized in an MLN outbreak in Kenya, whereas SCMV is known to be endemic in Africa. In Kenya, it caused crop losses of between 50% and 100%. Since then the disease has been reported in Rwanda and DR . Maize lethal necrosis is a disease caused by the synergistic interaction between Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). It has caused great concern because plants are killed and little or no grain is produced. [NAIROBI] A new project has been launched to control the spread of a lethal viral disease which affects maize yields and threatens food security in many Sub-Saharan Africa countries. The fact that maize is the main food crop in the country is one reason why many farmers find it difficult to plant other crops that are not affected by the disease. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) is a serious threat to maize production. Maize lethal necrosis disease *Expert warns Nigeria. The disease has now gained the momentum in spreading to many countries of East African where maize crop is grown simply because of insufficient knowledge on how to manage the disease. In his closing remarks, Michael Kitenje, agriculture and livestock extension officer for the Makueni District, called for unity and willingness from the farmers and other stakeholders to adhere to the window. CREATED/UPDATED: May 2016 PRODUCED BY: Plantwise. Shamba Shape Up episode featuring CROPNUTS Plant Disease Expert, Rose Nyakundi, who visited a farm in Busia that was once affected by Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND). Called maize lethal necrosis (MLN; or corn lethal necrosis, CLN), it can devastate maize crops. Mahuku also explained the tell-tale signs of MLN disease, which include chlorosis, or the mottling of the leaves; premature drying of cobs; stunting and/or cobs with uneven spots; tip dieback resulting in no pollen production; and a poor seed set and shriveled ears. Its presence has been confirmed in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Ethiopia. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a severe disease affecting corn. Deadheart of maize : Grow varieties that can tolerate damage and infection to reduce loss and spread of the disease. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) negatively affects maize crops and their seeds and is threatening food and economic security in East and Central Africa. Loading... Watch Queue ... Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in East Africa - Duration: 8:51. Most infected plants die early or become sterile – so they can't produce pollen and seed. Maize lethal necrosis is a serious disease of maize from its first appearance in Kenya (Wangai et al., 2012). MLN is a disease caused by the synergistic combination of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) and any from the potyvirus family, in this case Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV). Stepping up the fight against maize lethal necrosis in Eastern Africa “I can now identify with accuracy plants affected with maize lethal necrotic disease,” stated Regina Tende, PhD student attached to CIMMYT, after attending the CIMMYT-Kenya Agricultural Research Institute “Identification and Management of Maize Lethal Necrosis” workshop in Narok, Kenya, during 30 June-3 July 2013. Seed Inspectors can check for Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) in seed farms. Domestic regulation can be put in place to prevent the movement of maize products from affected areas to disease-free regions. Internationally, MLND has been reported from Peru, USA, Argentina, Mexico, Thailand, razil … MLND-infected maize will not yield a cob, thus losses are high, Look for yellow stripes on leaves which are much wider than those of Maize streak virus. If planthoppers and thrips are seen on a number of plants you may consider action if disease is in neighbouring fields or has just arrived in your field. In severe infections, the whole plants withers and dead hearts are visible inside the stems. This has not only threatened regional trade, but also seed industry. If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. The region's reliance on maize-based agri-food systems and the susceptibility of prevailing (pre-2010) germplasm and conducive crop management has led to serious concerns about future MLN outbreaks for the maize … A plant health inspectorate organization can test for Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in all seed coming into the country including the material for breeding. Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease is “a looming threat unlike anything farmers have ever faced before ”i especially in the Eastern and Central Africa (ECA) region where maize is an important staple and food security crop. AUTHOR(S): Mathews Matimelo (ZARI), phone no +260977601065, email: yamiko2006@yahoo.com, MLND wide and narrow yellowing on maize (Stefan Toepfer), Plants dwarf. Maize lethal necrosis disease kills the leaves of plants. An intensive multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional strategy is being implemented to curb the spread of MLN in sub-Saharan Africa, and mitigate the impact of the disease. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLN) was first diagnosed in eastern Africa in the 2010's and is a big threat to their maize-based agri-food systems with estimated losses amounting to US$261 million in Ethiopia and US$198 million in Kenya. This project researched solutions to minimize or eliminate the risks and effects of the disease in the region. A plant health inspectorate organization can test for Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in all seed coming into the country including the material for breeding. The maize lethal necrosis disease. This has not only threatened regional trade, but also seed industry. The correlation between maize yields and Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease revealed a negative weak relationship of r= -0.277 at a p value of 0.000. Of 17 symptomatic leaf samples from each Bomet and Naivasha, nine from Bomet and all 17 from Naivasha were positive for MCMV. It continues to cause yield loss of 30–100 percent in farmers’ fields, depending on the time of infestation which is valued at $198 million in Kenya. CIMMYT 1,457 views. This is because plant hoppers are difficult to control as they can re-immigrate into fields after spray. The main thrust of the current management strategy is to prevent the introduction of the disease through sound surveillance and early destruction of diseased plants. The farming community around the Kiboko Crops Research Station in Makueni County, Kenya, has agreed to stop growing maize for two months to help curb the spread of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease. The region's reliance on maize-based agri-food systems and the susceptibility of prevailing (pre-2010) germplasm and conducive crop management has led to serious concerns about future MLN outbreaks for the maize … Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a disease that attacks maize crops with significant impacts on both food security and nutrition security on smallholder farmers in Kenya. Prevention techniques include using crop rotation to break the disease cycle, not planting new maize crop near an infected field and maintaining fields clean of weeds, particularly grasses, to eliminate alternate hosts of potential vectors. Do not empty into drains and water sources. Maize cobs look mature but when you open the cob there are no grains inside.Do not eat maize affected by this disease because people and animals may die. The Maize Lethal Necrosis disease is a new devastating maize disease. Domestic regulation can be put in place to prevent the movement of maize products from affected areas to disease-free regions. A spokesman for the Agriculture Research Organisation, Robert… Read Further. The farming community around the Kiboko Crops Research Station in Makueni County, Kenya, has agreed to stop growing maize for two months to help curb the spread of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease. MAIZE LETHAL NECROSIS The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is leading collective efforts to control the spread of Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease that appeared in eastern Africa in 2011 and is considered the worst threat to the region’s food security in decades. Keywords: maize lethal necrosis disease, MLN severity, maize genotypes 1. “If we have the will, we will conquer the disease. High yield losses in maize due to MLN ranging from 50 to 90% have been reported and can reach 100% where the disease pressure is high. In Ethiopia the disease was observed during in the previous assessment and it was confirmed by ELISA test. In a Nutshell . © Copyright 2020 CAB International. The project on ‘Preventing Seed Transmission of Maize Lethal Necrosis in Africa’ aims to generate a better understanding of these epidemiological issues to allow for more effective control of MCMV transmission through commercial seed, support the development of effective, evidence-based phytosanitary regulations, reduce MLN disease pressure in eastern Africa, and curb the spread to non-endemic countries in other parts of the continent. Maize lethal necrosis disease Maize lethal necrosis disease is a viral disease that was recently reported in Kenya in the Rift Valley region and has since widely spread to other regions in the country (Adams et al., 2013; Wangai et al., 2012) and to the neighboring countries (Lukanda et al., 2014, Adams et al., 2014, Mahuku et al., 2015). Infection rates and damage can be very high, seriously affecting yields and sometimes causing complete loss of the crop. The disease is difficult to control for two reasons: 1.It is caused by a combination of two viruses that are difficult to differentiate individually based on visual symptoms. Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) – A Review Temesgen Deressa * Girma Demissie National Maize Research centre; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), P.O.Box 03, Bako, Ethiopia Maize lethal necrosis is a serious disease of maize in Africa from its first appearance in Kenya. In SummaryThe Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi and South Sudan have also showed signs of the disease although these are not covered in the MLN Diagnostics and Management project implemented by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre and.. The Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease is threatening food security for the majority of households in ECA. Immediately uproot and bury infected plants at least 5 cm, when seen in the field. This project researched solutions to minimize or eliminate the risks and effects of the disease in the region. Inspect fields weekly for vector insects and the disease symptoms. The most commons are the potyvirus Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV), Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ) or the tritimovirus Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus (WSMV). The viruses are vectored by insects as maize thrips, rootworms and leaf beetles. The outbreak of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease in east Africa in 2011 (first reported in Kenya’s South Rift Valley) was a major concern, given that maize is the region’s most important staple crop. To be applied only once per season ( Alternate with other pesticides ) - Duration: 8:51 smallholders. Reduce the productivity of maize products from affected areas to disease-free regions in Uganda, including and... ( Wangai et al., 2012 ) the same area was reported in,. 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