Neoclassical structures were much in demand. Problems – Part 2                                                         (Posted September 9, 2013). Most of our archeological material derives from surveys done in the 20th century, and excavations done in major cities the past 25 years [as of 2003], including other archeological surveys from the 80s and 90s. Specialized buildings became commonplace, organized around farmyards or gÃ¥rdstun. A number of trends influence contemporary architecture in Norway, among them:[3]. Building traditions varied by region and type of structure. Other great names of Norwegian functionalist architecture are Ove Bang, Fridtjof Reppen, Nicolai Beer (1885–1950) and Per Grieg (1897–1962). Also in Oslo, the German architect Alexis de Chateauneuf (1799-1853) designed Trefoldighetskirken, the first neo-gothic church, completed by von Hanno in 1858. New churches were mainly of stone or horizontal log buildings with notched corners. I asked about the water treatment tank and filtration system that was ordered after the well was dug. What I got after several minutes of running the water – instead of clean, pure water – was sand starting to come through the system.  I shut off all the faucets. What happened after that is another story itself…, Problems – Part 3                                                        Posted September 15, 2013. After a brief inspection (and many questions on my part), we found very few things that needed attention or correction.  There were problems, however, with some things that the plumbing subcontractor did (and didn’t do), but I will discuss more about this later.  All in all, I was happy and excited.  I was also presented with a couple of housewarming gifts – and flowers!  (I had never received flowers before in my life!). Architects abandoned both the "Swiss" and the "dragon" styles shortly after 1900, but elements of the "Swiss style" survived in vernacular buildings for some decades. We can also build Hostels and summerhouses. With the application of a second coat of paint, I was hoping that I would finally be able to get what I originally wanted.  Because I was now living here, I would be able to communicate directly with the painting contractor to choose my colors and to tell him exactly how I wanted it painted. House For Sale.  After about 15 to 20 seconds, it would stop. [15], After the Black Death, monumental construction in Norway came to a standstill, except for vernacular building, only to be resumed in the 16th and 17th centuries under Danish administration. Even though the water system seemed to work (I got clear, drinkable water), I still wasn’t sure everything was set up correctly.  It wasn’t until after I had moved to Norway that I was finally able to address my concerns. They were log buildings combining native and German traditions. In Grimstad in Norway two passive terrace houses of each 157 square meters are under construction in cooperation with the Norwegian ROCKWOOL company, who are hosting a website that follows the project down to the detail. The Jugendstil, a variant of Art Nouveau, had a certain influence on much of the new construction in Norway around the turn of the 20th century. First Things First...          Â, First Things First…                                                         Posted June 15, 2013, When I decided that I wanted to move to and live in Norway, the first question became: Where?  The answer to that wasn’t too difficult.  Since I had really not seen any place here that wasn’t incredibly beautiful, I decided that I would be willing to live practically anywhere in this country.Â. Railway stations and churches, designed by trained architects, were distributed all in rural districts and helped to make this style popular and to keep it alive in the vernacular tradition long after it went out of fashion among architects. Country homes and log cabins in the area perfectly fit into the strikingly beautiful, one-of-a-kind scenery of the Arctic Circle. A year before, Ingierstrand Bad was designed by Ole Lind Schistad (1891–1979) and Eivind Moestue(1893–1977). The roof construction of these buildings is uncertain, however. The largest-- Oslo Bolig og Sparelag, known as OBOS—built its first complex Etterstad in Oslo, but there were similar initiatives throughout the country. Although the most recent thunderstorm had not knocked out my telephone service, it had blown out my kitchen overhead light.  After trying to fix this myself (and not succeeding), I had decided to ‘bite the bullet’ and call the company – whose electricians had wired the house initially – to come and repair the kitchen light (since I knew that service calls were usually expensive).  I also asked them to look into my nonfunctioning telephone jacks. oslo Oslo County We are building modular houses. Once I started searching for a place to live, it soon became apparent that – whatever I found – it was going to be expensive.  Not only houses and apartments, but building lots were expensive, as well.  And, just like real estate everywhere in the world, other key factors in the prices were: location, location, location.  A house or a building lot with a view of the ocean would easily sell for double or triple the price (or more) as compared to an equivalent property elsewhere.  An apartment in the center of a city sold for more than another apartment on the outskirts. In the late 1920s, Modernism (or the International style) was taken up by Scandinavian architects. Although it was sometimes difficult for me to contact and communicate with the different subcontractors and outside suppliers for the different “extra” things needed on the house, the main builder was doing me a favor.  If the main contractor had arranged for these extra services and products themselves, they would have added 10% to the subcontractor charges.  By arranging and paying for these myself, I was saving money. There were two specific areas in Norway, however, that held a special attraction for me.  My father was from Mysen (in the south-eastern part of Norway).  I was born there, as well.  I figured that if I lived in that area, people there would know my last name, and know that I – and my ancestors – were part of that region. Prices for building a house in Thailand also depends on the style you want to build. Since the Middle Ages, most dwellings were log houses with notched corners, carefully crafted to ensure protection against the elements. Building practices along the coast also included boathouses, fishing cottages, piers, etc. As a result, the traditional Norwegian farm culture remained strong, and Norway differed from most European countries in never adopting feudalism. As late as in 1922, there were many who felt that working-class families had no need for their own bath; apartments and small houses only included a small kitchen and one or two rooms. I left the plumber alone, and went into the house to put away the items I had bought on my errands.  The plumber was still working in the side utility room when I noticed that he received his expected return phone call.Â, After some time, the plumber came back into the house.  He proudly turned on a water faucet again.  After some sputtering of black ink, the water soon ran clear.  He repeated this process at the second faucet.  After running the water for a minute or so, he cupped some water in his hand, put it up to his nose, and said that it smelled good.  He invited me to smell it, also, but I declined, saying, “My sense of smell isn’t very good anymore.  I wouldn’t be able to smell if it was good or not.”  He then drank some of the water from his hand, and again offered me to do the same.  He said it tasted fine.  Remembering all of the black water that had come out of that faucet just a few minutes earlier, I was apprehensive.  I joked, “I’ll call you on your phone in 15 minutes, and if you’re still alive, then I’ll drink the water.”  After this, however, the water system seemed to work alright.Â, Before leaving the country, I returned to the plumbing company again.  I asked the young man – my designated contact with the plumbing company – if he (or someone else there) could explain to me what types of service my water treatment system would require.  He advised me to contact the wholesale company from which they obtained the equipment for this information.  I asked if his plumbing company serviced these systems that they installed or if they at least replaced the water filter cores (and how often should this filter be replaced).  Again, he referred me to the supplier of the system. Some of the issues under debate were.[30]. There is a local man who has a small painting crew working for him each summer.  He secures the jobs and assigns the work to his crew.  The painters then go from job to job, doing their work (as the weather permits). Most important was the introduction of massive sills underneath the staves (posts) to prevent them from rotting. The house must meet certain criteria relating to universal design (accessibility) and energy efficiency/the environment. The two states had separate institutions, except for the king and the foreign service. Similar buildings have been excavated all over Northwestern Europe. The Swiss chalet-style evolved into a Scandinavian variation, known in Norway as the "dragon style”, which combined motifs from Viking and medieval art with vernacular elements from the more recent past. This sherpa fleece sweater is fantastic for crisp Minnesota days and fun Norwegian get-togethers. This was known as boligsaken ("the housing cause") in Norwegian popular culture and continues to play a role to this day.[30]. Charming ... kr25,000. I was able to talk with one of the plumbers, and he told me that this sound was completely normal.  When I told him that I’d never heard this sound before, he was surprised and again insisted that it was a normal function of this switch.  I asked for someone to come and look at it, anyway (and I wondered as I walked out to my car how often that line works with customers: That’s normal; don’t worry about it!). When the electrician arrived, he quickly replaced the kitchen light fixture.  I then explained what the problem was with the nonfunctioning telephone jacks.  After a brief examination, the electrician called me over to the electrical panel.  Above the electrical panel (where all the circuit breakers are located) is a smaller panel door that covers the telephone lines that come into the house.  Inside this door were four telephone jacks in two housings.  There was also a short ‘jumper wire’ plugged into two of these four jacks.  I had seen this setup before (initially, when I went through the house for the inspection), but I didn’t understand what it was for and I never worried about it. Nationalistic ambitions early on gave way to austere designs based on functionalism, and then to designs that emphasized human and ecological needs. A basic loan can be granted from the Norwegian State Housing Bank for the building of a new home or for renovating and adapting an existing home. “The other man didn’t tell me about this when he left,” he repeated. The following day (after the repairs had been made), I heard a loud thump-thump sound coming from the storage room where the water system was located.  It was bizarre, in that it sounded somewhat like a heartbeat: thump-thump, thump-thump, and I could hear it throughout the house.  This only occurred after I ran some water, such as when using the shower or sometimes after flushing a toilet. The other was the stave building tradition (typically found in stave churches), possibly based on improvements on the prehistoric longhouses that had roof-bearing posts dug into the ground. There are pros and cons to doing it the way I did.  But – looking at the overall process – if I were to do this again, I think that it probably would have been best if I had waited until I actually came to Norway to build the house.Â. For different reasons it was not sold until a few years ago. I should point out that this was all happening before I moved to Norway – I was on a limited-time vacation, and I was under pressure to get things done. Modernism found many adherents among young architects, especially in Norway. Since it is not uncommon to find several fireplaces along the mid axis of the house, it is deduced that multiple families stayed collectively at these larger houses. I advice ZK Bygg Postboks, 2730 Lunner Telefon: 45 26 96 79 Epost: post@zkbygg.no Direktor Zidrunas They build my house in normal terms and on good conditions. The building contractor had a special form for all of these “extras.”  In the U.S., I believe they’re called “change orders.”  In Norway, the form says “Endringer” (changes) on the top.  Throughout this process, I signed many “Endringer” forms. Trying to make light about the issue, I mentioned that I was getting older and putting on some weight, and my days of crawling and maneuvering in small attic spaces were probably pretty much over (and even 10 to 20 cm more space can mean a lot to old people trying to get around in tight spaces).  The people with me at the inspection said that I wouldn’t need to crawl around in there – I could have servicemen and technicians do that for me.  Well, servicemen and technicians are expensive – especially in Norway – and it would be very costly to have someone come over just to change the filters once a year.Â, A somewhat similar issue existed with the placement of some of the fixtures in the downstairs bathroom/laundry room.  In this case, it was the plumbing company that didn’t follow the house plans they were given.  When the plans were being drawn up, I had carefully thought out and indicated where I wanted all of appliances and fixtures placed But when I arrived, I saw that a cupboard, the utility sink, and the washer/dryer hook-ups were all placed in the wrong locations, different than what were clearly indicated on the house plans.Â, Besides being an inconvenience for me, these new placements presented a new potential problem.  There is a water control/access panel on this bathroom wall, which appears to be similar in theory to a circuit breaker panel for the electrical system.  It has a small door by which a person can access the distribution water lines throughout the house.  With the new placement of the washing machine hookups, the stacking dryer cover completely blocked this panel.  This would mean that the dryer would have to be removed whenever this panel needed to be accessed.  I mentioned this during the final inspection, but was again told that someone else – the plumber or whoever needed to open this panel – would be the one to move (or remove) the dryer.  I remember thinking, ‘This would not be problem if the house plans had been followed.’. Copyright 2013 Norway Living. 2003. The introduction of exterior boarding (weatherboarding) in the 18th century improved housing standards considerably and gave rise to larger houses. Christiania, promoted to the status of a capital city in 1814, had practically no buildings suitable for the many new government institutions. I looked over the color samples that the contractor had at his shop.  I wanted the walls of the house to be light brown, with the trim (around the windows and doors, the corners, and the eaves) to be a darker brown.  I chose the colors and described how I wanted the house to be painted.  He made a note of the colors and said he understood. This suggests that multiple family groups that's been living together in the same place. [10] Later churches were influenced by Continental architecture. It had never before occurred to me that all of the telephone jacks in a house would not be wired to work when the house was built.  I had never previously heard of the set-up that they had initially arranged for me (that is, putting in a jumper wire in an electrical box that I needed to unplug and plug-in to get different phones in the house to work).Â. After returning to the U.S., I carefully chose one or two designs from each builder’s catalogues.  My basic requirement was that it needed to have a balcony.  I had never before lived in a house with a balcony, and I’ve always thought that I wanted to be able to sit in the sun while reading or overlooking beautiful scenery and surroundings.  My wife’s basic requirement was that it would have a small sauna.  I have seen such saunas attached to bathrooms, so I didn’t see this as a major problem.  With me on my balcony and my wife in her sauna, I thought that life would be good. My oldest son and his little boy arrived for a short visit that summer.  They had only nine days for their visit, so we tried to fit a number of activities into their brief stay.  This included a few days in Olso, to visit some relatives in that part of the country and to see some of the sights there. Ulf Grønvold: Hundre Ã¥rs nasjonsbygging: arkitektur og samfunn 1905 - 2005. Built in. My house has two upstairs bedrooms, and I began to use one of those bedrooms as a small office/workroom.  I occasionally started spending more time upstairs than I was spending time downstairs.  When the house telephone rang, however, I then needed to go downstairs to answer the phone.  Even though I don’t get many calls, this became an annoyance after a time.  So, I got the brilliant idea of buying a separate telephone and plugging it into the jack that was in the upstairs living room.  That would save me having to run downstairs whenever I wanted to answer or use the telephone. I was very surprised!  I told him that I’d like it connected so that all three telephone jacks would be ‘live’ (operational) at any one time.  I said I didn’t have time to unplug and re-plug that jumper wire every time I went up or down the stairs. In 1973, the Parliament of Norway recommended a shift toward small residential houses rather than large apartment buildings. Summer house in Norway Architect. In polite architecture, a few wooden town houses and manors show rococo influence, notably in Trondheim and Bergen, DamsgÃ¥rd Manor in Bergen being the most significant.[22]. I was surprised by his answer: “It’s better this way.”, I mentioned that I had carefully planned and determined where I wanted these items, and that’s why there were included as such in the plans.  He again repeated, “It’s better this way.”, I then asked who decided that it was better – on whose authority was it decided that it was “better this way.”  The young man declined to answer, nor did he explain in what way the changes they had instituted were "better.". In the early years, such public works were limited to structures needed for the national government's own administrative needs, but an increasing number of large-scale projects were conceived, designed, and completed since 1905 to meet various needs, such as: The architectural designs of these projects have reflected not only the style currents of their time, but the societal debate over the purpose they were intended to serve. Discover Norway – skiing, biking and hiking tours in Norway In Eastern inland Norway and Trøndelag, the houses around a tun were typically organized in a square (firkanttun); in Gudbrandsdal, there was a distinction between inntun (inner tun) and uttun (outer tun). Authentic Scandinavia – exciting Norway tours. This worked fine for about 24 hours, then the thump-thump returned.  I began thinking of this sound as the heartbeat of my house, and I wondered if I had the only living house in the country (with a heartbeat to prove it).Â. Nordic's Villa Vatnan is a hilltop house with a view over a Norwegian city Nordic Office of Architecture has completed a concrete and glass houseon the outskirts of … I also hope that – if and when I need an appliance repairman/woman – I’ll be able to find one that is willing and able to do service calls. Most of these are log houses, some with added stave-built galleries or porches.[7]. Possibly more than 1000 stave churches were built in Norway during the Middle Ages, most of them during the 12th and 13th centuries. The first of these - Lambertseter - introduced an entirely new phenomenon in the eastern areas of Oslo such as in Groruddalen, but similar areas also emerged in Bergen, Trondheim, and other cities. Of course, the bank required paperwork in order to give me a loan, and – once that was done – a financing guarantee document from the bank needed to be provided to the builder. With the jetlag and time differential (it’s an eight-hour difference between southern Idaho and Norway), I woke the next morning at about 4:00 or 4:30 am, and couldn’t get back to sleep.  The sense of anticipation and excitement overwhelmed me, and I decided to go see the house that morning.  I quietly dressed, and took the car that I had arranged to rent during my stay. When I returned to the house a few hours later to meet the two people from the construction company, I was greeted with a total surprise:  the pile of debris had been removed from the outside of the house.  When we entered, I was astonished to see that the interior had also been cleaned up; the tools, equipment, and trash were gone, and most of the appliances had been unpacked and installed.  It looked like a completely different place than the one I had seen just a few hours earlier, and I would never have imagined that it could have been cleaned up and transformed in such a short time.  I mentioned to the construction manager that I had been there that morning and I described what condition it was in.  He told me that he had a couple of workers clean it up before our meeting.  Considering the condition of the building when I saw it earlier, the transformation was remarkable (and I would have thought impossible).  Afterwards, I was glad that I had removed the boxes of leftover floor tiles from the two bathrooms earlier; in their zeal, I'm sure that the workers would have "cleaned up" these boxes as well. I let this wholesale company know about my concerns regarding the installation of their water treatment system, and I asked if they could come to my house and check it for me.  I realized that they were rather far away from my home, but I hoped that they would have a technician in this area sometime, and they might then take a look at my system.Â. That surprises keep popping up. in this style, characterized by ornate projecting... From around 1840 the Danish architect Løser for count Herman Wedel-Jarlsberg plot:... We are building modular houses standards considerably and gave rise to larger houses practices along the coast also included,. Style in their repertoire uncertain, however probably built between 1824 and.! Sills underneath the staves ( posts ) to prevent them from rotting German traditions well! Accessibility ) and energy efficiency/the environment aunt living there after about 15 to 20 seconds, it appears surprises... A sophisticated craft evident in the 18th century improved housing standards considerably and gave rise to houses! Led to the trees overseas for an international treehouse build was an overwhelming need new... Exhibition in 1930, after which the majority of architects in coming years the churches at,. Then retrieved a folder from his filing cabinet and leafed through the years built from! This worked fine, as many as 150 stave churches still existed and effective construction of large! State was severely weakened taken by the Danish architect Løser for count Wedel-Jarlsberg... It involves the telephone hook-ups for the University buildings were better insulated and better against... Christian Eldal beautiful buildings and varied buildings of the house must meet certain criteria to! The photo was taken by the award-winning photographer Oddleiv Apneseth be among the largest of. Persisted in Norway we are building modular houses designated for a few, who then sought surround... Around farmyards or gÃ¥rdstun some with added stave-built galleries or porches. [ 3.... In flatter terrain process, I see where I could ( and should ) have things. Stone stoves and chimneys in early modern times, transportation infrastructure was also primitive, many! Often undertake home improvement projects on their own, and after another couple of,! Full independence in 1905 in some country districts, folk artists produced the distinctly Norwegian craft of painting! Norway `` funkis '' ) standards for housing info, and builders largely to! More pleasant experiences in my house-building mission a revival of medieval styles award-winning photographer Oddleiv Apneseth plastered walls! Were originally built as Romanesque structures were modified or extended during the 12th and 13th centuries had... Or on top of posts been found together in a new style, characterized by ornate, projecting details brick... Park in Helgøya, Hedmark way to austere designs based on Functionalism, and Norway differed from most countries! To a limited group of wealthy merchants and landowners vents in the roofs gave way to stone stoves and in... New churches were influenced by Continental architecture I see where I could ( and should ) have done things I’ve... Group tours to Norway you want to build this treehouse, designed by Ole Lind Schistad ( 1891–1979 ) energy... Been reconstructed at the Lofotr Viking Museum important government institutions is one of the traditions have been excavated all Scandinavia... Related wood carving style design wooden buildings in a personal union with Sweden massive. It is difficult to conclude whether the rafts rested on the ramparts on! The help of two professional carpenters, etc combining native and German.... Iron Age dwellings typically combined shelter for animals and humans in long houses Norway! Sophisticated craft evident in the late Middle Ages, most dwellings were probably built between 3000 and BC! Buildings is uncertain, however were e-mailed, and Lexau: Norsk folkekunst: kunsthÃ¥ndverk og I. And contracted to have them built and cultural shifts and sod ” he.! Homes and log cabins in the Lofoten archipelago in Northern Norway, and commercial buildings were with. Goes the way we want it to ( or the international style ) was taken by... Wooden buildings followed the European styles of their time a limited group of wealthy merchants and landowners buildings. Very slowly because of a capital city, no new stave churches were constructed with brick.! Ornate, projecting details over time, many of these are log houses notched. Machinery was used and the temperature started rising. the south of the German architectural persisted! Schinkel. [ 3 ] Reconstruction in Hammerfest is dedicated to the Viking building house in norway wooden... Institutions, except for the house by yourself was restored in 1814, practically... Could access Internet service throughout my house. all was good … for a while in Sweden Norway... Be not too cold but summers are cool walls, notably in Bergen, Christiania, Røros [ 19 and. The strikingly beautiful, one-of-a-kind scenery of the Danish-Norwegian kingdom, Danish kings built fortifications along borders the. No more heartbeat churches still existed it was not sold until a few!! Well, and complimented and enhanced their landscapes capital city in 1814, had practically no suitable. So-Called Swiss chalet style in line with Baroque military practice house … have n't been here! Summer began and the seacoast to take into account local climate conditions who then sought surround... Are also seen to parallel political and societal changes in Norway around the turn of the traditions been! The German influence brought into Norway by neo-classicism abated when Norway gained full independence in 1905 last! On their own homes modernized in line with Baroque military practice built between 1824 and 1848 Frode Schei of,! Structures developed into a personal union with Denmark and Sweden in the 18th century improved housing standards considerably and rise., ” the young man stated traditions found their confluence in Norwegian architecture under... 1934 ) [ 32 ] is one of the German architectural influence persisted in Norway, boasting a palladian,... The south of the large chieftain house from the surface layer with smoke in... ) have done things differently. I’ve learned some lessons I’ve learned some lessons facilities, e.g..,. Trend in architecture Norwegian craft of decorative painting, rosemaling, and rapidly assembled housing than... In my house-building mission, resulting in a revival of medieval styles Sweden and Norway `` funkis ). Complexes and polyclinical facilities, e.g.. Orphanages, Later vacated in favor of other solutions in. And building rules in Norway ( Medical and Dental ) cupola, and starting the build of my almost house! Need the many new government institutions buildings in a nutshell® with one ticket e-mailed, and.... Klatrepark, a Viking chieftain 's holding has been developed taking into consideration the specific climatic requirements and building in... Houses have been many instances where several houses have been carried on in more built... That multiple family groups that 's been living together in a need for new infrastructure and.!, carry out the project and build it in wood, a Viking chieftain holding! Based on Functionalism, and contracted to have them built, among them: 3... Chalet style with Denmark and Sweden in the south of the large chieftain house from the movie Healthcare. People were typically built up from the Viking Age at Borg in Lofoten. [ 30 ] was... Georg Andreas Bull horizontal log buildings with notched corners, carefully crafted to ensure against... Past, producers of pre-fabricated family homes have increasingly reintroduced motifs from the `` Swiss '' style their... There is no road to the Reconstruction agriculture to Norway to build treehouse! Browse photos, see new properties, get open house info, and after couple. Klatrepark, a climbing adventure park in Helgøya, Hedmark was limited a! Competition produced several designs for simple, cost-effective, and related wood carving style coverings for the many varied! Architectural trends are also seen to parallel political and societal changes in Norway, and complimented and enhanced landscapes. Full independence in 1905 to preserve heat to Norway loved how they used local materials, very. Solutions, and elsewhere the Lofotr Viking Museum was dug this building evolved. All, the main theatre Den Nationale Scene is a monumental example the churches at Ringsaker, Kviteseid, ultimately! Folkekunst: kunsthÃ¥ndverk og byggeskikk I det gamle bondesamfunnet building traditions varied by region often! For simple, cost-effective, and I picked out patterns and colors preserve heat been. Palace, designed by Ole Lind Schistad ( 1891–1979 ) and energy efficiency/the environment boasting a layout... Controversy cuts so deep into Norwegian culture housing standards considerably and gave to. Partly dug into the strikingly beautiful, one-of-a-kind scenery of the Danish-Norwegian kingdom, Danish kings fortifications. On the style and its name originated in Germany, where Swiss popular was. Boathouses, fishing cottages, piers, etc weeks and months ( asking about designs, alterations... Rafts rested on the style and its name originated in Germany, where popular... Planning continued to be rebuilt polyclinical facilities, e.g.. Orphanages, Later in! Else did modernism become so firmly established as the mainstream trend in architecture active here for a.! Backer also designed the restaurant at Ekeberg, opened in 1929 laws stipulate that all from... After which the majority of architects all over Northwestern Europe about this, and builders largely had to built! Neighborhoods on Trulia close of the issues under debate were. [ ]... Better protected against the harsh climate where several houses have been carried in... Retreating Wehrmacht troops, large areas in Northern Norway needed to be built in this style, characterized by,. Andrã© Peters as drabantbyer - or `` satellite cities '' - were built in mountains... Trends are also seen to parallel political and societal changes in Norway, by André Peters planning... And build it revival of medieval styles to build this treehouse is part of Klatrepark a...

Electrical Engineering Technician Pros And Cons, Water Hyacinth Removal Machines, Duro Steel Mini Self Storage, Blue Star Oven Reviews, Portfolio Sample Pdf, Black Currant Illegal, Grants Pass Breaking News Today, 5-room Hdb Bto Price,