Kingdom: Plantae. Widespread. Both whole and powdered chili are frequent ingredients in dishes prepared throughout the world, and characteristic of several cuisine styles, including Mexican, Sichuan (Szechuan) Chinese, Korean, Cajun and Creole, along with most South Asian and derived (e.g. All are edible, and most (like 'Royal Black') are hot. This species is the most widely grown in the world for human consumption. Also, fruit and spice can be attributed as papryka ostra (hot pepper) or papryka słodka (sweet pepper). Common Name. It is hardy to zone (UK) 9 and is frost tender. In Italy and the Italian- and German-speaking parts of Switzerland, the sweet varieties are called peperone and the hot varieties peperoncino (literally "small pepper"). Most Capsicum species are 2n=2x=24. They can be preserved in the form of a jam,[40] or by drying, pickling, or freezing. [27][28] The secretion of capsaicin protects the fruit from consumption by insects[29] and mammals, while the bright colors attract birds that will disperse the seeds. Several other countries, such as Chile, whose name is unrelated, Perú, Puerto Rico, and Argentina, use ají. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. [31] A study on capsaicin production in fruits of C. chinense showed that capsaicinoids are produced only in the epidermal cells of the interlocular septa of pungent fruits, that blister formation only occurs as a result of capsaicinoid accumulation, and that pungency and blister formation are controlled by a single locus, Pun1, for which there exist at least two recessive alleles that result in non-pungency of C. chinense fruits.[32]. For black pepper, Czech uses pepř, while Slovak uses čierne korenie (literally, black spice) or, dialectally, piepor.[47]. Only Capsicum frutescens L. and Capsicum annuum L. are Generally recognized as safe.[45][46]. For example, C. baccatum var. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs). Origin - Peppers are native to Mexico, Central America and northern South America. Genus- Capsicum- The Hot pepper produces capsaicin which is the hot spice that you taste. It is in leaf all year, in flower from July to September, and the seeds ripen from August to October. peppers", or simply "peppers", while the hot varieties are collectively called "chile"/"chiles", "chili"/"chilies", or "chili"/"chile peppers" (one L only), "hot peppers", or named as a specific variety (e.g., banana pepper). [7] Different varieties were cultivated in South America, where they are known as ajíes (singular ají), from the Quechua term for Capsicum. The species encompasses a wide variety of shapes and sizes of peppers, both mild and hot, such as bell peppers, jalapeños, New Mexico chile, and cayenne peppers. Capsicum was first described in the mid-1400s by a physician who accompanied Columbus to the West Indies. Aster vegetable family names: Composite family, Daisy family, sunflower family. Capsicum. View all the varieties of peppers that are in the Capsicum Annuum family. [43], The Maya and Aztec people of Mesoamerica used Capsicum fruit in cocoa drinks as a flavouring.[44]. Pepper in vegetable oils, or as an horticultural product[39] can be used in gardening as a natural insecticide. In Australia, New Zealand and India, heatless varieties are called "capsicums", while hot ones are called "chilli"/"chillies" (double L). Those used in cooking are generally varieties of the C. annuum and C. frutescens species, though a few others are used, as well. The species encompasses a wide variety of shapes and sizes of peppers, both mild and hot, such as bell peppers, jalapeños, New Mexico chile, and cayenne peppers. [15] Phylogenetic relationships between species have been investigated using biogeographical,[16] morphological,[17] chemosystematic,[18] hybridization,[19] and genetic[14] data. Many types of peppers have been bred for heat, size, and yield. Spelling aside, Capsicum by any other name is still just that; Capsicum. [5] In the past, some woody forms of this species have been called C. frutescens, but the features that were used to distinguish those forms appear in many populations of C. annuum and are not consistently recognizable features in C. frutescens species. The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Chili pepper: Capsicum annuum. SCIENTIFIC NAME: Capsicum annuum CULTURE: Peppers thrive in well-drained, fertile soils with a pH of 6.5. [15] English botanist John Lindley described C. annuum in his 1838 Flora Medica thus:[16], It is employed in medicine, in combination with Cinchona in intermittent and lethargic affections, and also in atonic gout, dyspepsia accompanied by flatulence, tympanitis, paralysis etc. Cayenne pepper, Chili - Capsicum frutescens L. s.l. It has mild, sweet flavor and wonderful taste which is … The amount of capsaicin in hot peppers varies significantly among varieties, and is measured in Scoville heat units (SHU). Chicory has bitter leaves and is closely related to Endive. Capsicum are also the main ingredient in the traditional tomato and capsicum dip lyutenitsa and ajvar. In some regions, bacon is salted and dusted in paprika for preservation. Botanical name. frutescens (L.) Kuntze. [20] Chemosystematic studies helped distinguish the difference between varieties and species. Scientific name is the name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Domain: Eukaryota. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. Statistics. This species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated capsicums. What most people today refer to as “peppers” are all part of the plant genus Capsicum. Female P. operculella use the leaves to lay their eggs and the hatched larvae will eat away at the mesophyll of the leaf. [24] All are diploid. Nightshades family, potato family. The fruit are berries that may be green, yellow, orange or red when ripe. In Spain, heatless varieties are called pimiento and hot varieties guindilla. In Canada, Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, the heatless varieties are commonly known simply as "peppers" (or more specifically "green peppers", "red peppers", etc. Plant seeds in a sunny warm location in peat pots (3 seeds to a pot, thinning to 1 plant per pot) 6 to 8 weeks before transplanting into the garden after all danger of frost is past and night temperatures are consistently at or above 55 degrees F. Plant in full sun in fertile well-drained soil 18 to 24\" apart in rows 18 to 24\" apart. The world's current hottest known pepper as rated in SHU is the 'Carolina Reaper,' which had been measured at over 2,200,000 SHU. Capsicum annuum var. Frozen Capsicum are used in stews, soups, and salsas. Preferred Common Name. They are suitable for stuffing with fillings such as cheese, meat, or rice. It is a perennial, small and herbaceous plant which grows upto 24-48 inches high. Capsicum anthracnose. Clinical Summary. Breeding occurs in several environments dependent on the use of the final variety including but not limited to: conventional, organic, hydroponic, green house and shade house production environments. Capsicums are also used extensively in Sri Lankan cuisine as side dishes. … baccatum and C. chacoense varieties.[21]. The fruit of most species of Capsicum contains capsaicin (methyl-n-vanillyl nonenamide), a lipophilic chemical that can produce a strong burning sensation (pungency or spiciness) in the mouth of the unaccustomed eater. Sometimes, the hot capsicum spice is also called chilli. The species is a source of popular sweet peppers and hot chilis with numerous varieties cultivated all around the world, and is the source of popular spices such as cayenne, chili, and paprika powders. The Capsicum annuum and Capsicum chinense genomes were completed in 2014. Chili peppers are of great importance in Native American medicine, and capsaicin is used in modern medicine mainly in topical medications as a circulatory stimulant and analgesic. Capsicum L. – pepper. Here are common names of Capsicum: Capsicum in German: Capsicum Capsicum in French: Capsicum Many varieties of the same species can be used in many different ways; for example, C. annuum includes the "bell pepper" variety, which is sold in both its immature green state and its red, yellow, or orange ripe state. Capsicums are cultivated worldwide and used in many cuisines. The distribution of transposable elements is inversely correlated with gene density. baccatum had the same flavonoids as C. baccatum var. Most mammals find this unpleasant, whereas birds are unaffected. Ground chiles, or paprika, hot or otherwise, are a key ingredient in chorizo, which is then called picante (if hot chile is added) or dulce (if otherwise). Capsicum annuum L. – cayenne pepper. Capsicum consists of 20–27 species,[14] five of which are domesticated: C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, and C. [30] Most of the capsaicin in a pungent (hot) pepper is concentrated in blisters on the epidermis of the interior ribs (septa) that divide the chambers, or locules, of the fruit to which the seeds are attached. The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. [10] Extremely moist soils can cause seedlings to "damp-off" and reduce germination. The Capsicum annuum genome is approximately 3.48 Gb, making it larger than the human genome. In Germany, the heatless varieties as well as the spice are called Paprika and the hot types are primarily called Peperoni or Chili while in Austria, Pfefferoni is more common for these; in Dutch, this word is also used exclusively for bell peppers, whereas chilli is reserved for powders, and hot pepper variants are referred to as Spaanse pepers (Spanish peppers). Capsaicin is present in large quantities in the placental tissue (which holds the seeds), the internal membranes, and to a lesser extent, the other fleshy parts of the fruits of plants in this genus. The amount of capsaicin in the fruit is highly variable and dependent on genetics and environment, giving almost all types of Capsicum varied amounts of perceived heat. Species. Bite into a hot pepper, and. This would in turn influence Anglo-Indian and American Chinese cuisine, most notably with the development of British and American forms of curry powder (based on Indian spice preparations such as Garam masala), and dishes such as General Tso's Chicken and Chicken Tikka Masala. Shimla, incidentally, is a popular hill-station in India (and mirch means chilli in local languages). Cultivars descended from the wild American bird pepper are still found in warmer reg… ), while the hot ones are "chilli"/"chillies" (double L) or "chilli peppers". A few of the non-domesticated species are 2n=2x=32. In more recent times, an aerosol extract of capsaicin, usually known as capsicum or pepper spray, has become used by law enforcement as a nonlethal means of incapacitating a person, and in a more widely dispersed form for riot control, or by individuals for personal defense. They are in the base of different kinds of pickled vegetables dishes, turshiya. Bell pepper, (Capsicum annuum), also called sweet pepper or capsicum, pepper cultivar in the nightshade family (), grown for its thick, mild fruits.Bell peppers are used in salads and in cooked dishes and are high in vitamin A and vitamin C.The large furrowed fruits are technically berries and can be green, red, yellow, or orange. Capsicum baccatum. Subordinate Taxa. According to Richard Pankhurst, C. frutescens (known as barbaré) was so important to the national cuisine of Ethiopia, at least as early as the 19th century, "that it was cultivated extensively in the warmer areas wherever the soil was suitable." Pepperoncini are also known as "sweet capsicum". Buy fresh harvest featuring firm, bright fruits feeling heavy for their size.Avoid excessively soft, lusterless, pale green color peppers. In Japanese, tōgarashi (唐辛子, トウガラシ "Chinese mustard") refers to hot chili peppers, and particularly a spicy powder made from them which is used as a condiment, while bell peppers are called pīman (ピーマン, from the French piment or the Spanish pimiento). Many vegetable seed companies breed different types of peppers as well. Click on a scientific name below to expand it … [12][13] The smaller, hotter varieties are called chillis,[14] chilies, chile, or chili peppers, or in parts of the US, "peppers". However, at extremely high temperature, 33 to 38 °C (91 to 100 °F), pollen loses viability, and flowers are much less likely to pollinate successfully[citation needed]. Capsicum frutescens. Mulching between plants is useful. Chemosystematic studies helped disting… Capsicum annuum is a species of the plant genus Capsicum (chillies or peppers and capsicums or bell peppers) native to southern North America and northern South America. In northern India and Pakistan, C. annuum is also commonly called shimla mirch in the local language and as "Kodai Mozhagai" in Tamil which roughly translates to "umbrella chilli" due to its appearance. The fruit (technically berries in the strict botanical sense) of Capsicum plants have a variety of names depending on place and type. Similarly, Hungarian uses the word bors for the black pepper. Fruits of Capsicum can vary tremendously in color, shape, and size both between and within species, which has led to confusion over the relationships among taxa. The names vary depending on place and type. The word capsicum, comes from the Greek kopto, meaning “I bite.”. Capsicum annuum is a species of the plant genus Capsicum (chillies or peppers and capsicums or bell peppers) native to southern North America and northern South America. In Bulgaria, South Serbia, and North Macedonia, capsicum are very popular, too. Common Name: pepper: Family: Solanaceae: Print with name - Print without name Members of the Solanaceae Family (Thumbnails): Capsicum spp. pubescens. The potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) is an oligophagous insect that prefers to feed on plants of the family Solanaceae such as pepper plants. Capsicum fruits can be eaten raw or cooked. [8] The single flowers are an off-white (sometimes purplish) color while the stem is densely branched and up to 60 cm (24 in) tall. These three species share the same ancestral gene pool and are sometimes called the 'annuum-chinense-frutescens complex'. [1][4] This species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated capsicums. [13] The flowers can self-pollinate. Jalapeno pepper (also known as Capsicum anuum) is the fruit of plants from genus Capsicum, members of nightshade family known as Solanaceae related to paprika, bell peppers, cayenne pepper and others. Derived from the fruit of Capsicum, cayenne is among the most widely consumed culinary spice. Paprika (in English) refers to a powdered spice made of dried Capsicum of several sorts, though in Hungary and some other countries it is the name of the fruit as well. [citation needed], While generally self-pollinating, insect visitation is known to increase the fruit size and speed of ripening, as well as to ensure symmetrical development. Scientific Name. Capsicum is the name of the genus of the flowering plants and their fruit that we know and eat as “bell peppers” or just “peppers”. [7] In the absence of winter frosts it can survive several seasons and grow into a large, shrubby perennial herb. In the United States, the common heatless varieties are referred to as "bell peppers", "sweet peppers", "red/green/etc. Learn More. Capsicum (/ˈkæpsɪkəm/[3]) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Ideal growing conditions for peppers include a sunny position with warm, loamy soil, ideally 21 to 29 °C (70 to 84 °F), that is moist but not waterlogged. It is one the easiest to cross-pollinate so it is no wonder why there are so many species today. Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum annuum. The genus name Capsicum derives from a Greek-based derivative of the latin word ‘kapto’, … The Plant List includes 197 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus Capsicum.Of these 40 are accepted species names. Sweet Pepper – Capsicum annuum Facts Sweet Pepper is a small, branched, mostly erect, annual or perennial herbaceous shrub that prefers deep, well-structured, fertile, well drained, friable, sandy loam to grow well. [11][12] For flowering, Capsicum is a non-photoperiod-sensitive crop. Capsicum fruits of several varieties with commercial value are called by various European-language names in English, such as jalapeño, peperoncini, and peperoncito; many of these are usually sold pickled. Pickled or marinated Capsicum are frequently added to sandwiches or salads. In the United States, New Mexico State University has released several varieties in the last few years. Common Names - Capsicum, chili pepper, hot pepper, cayenne, red pepper, Tabasco paprika pepper, bell pepper, green pepper are some of the common names of sweet pepper. The plants derive their names from the Latin capsa (box), which refers to the partially hollow, box-like fruit.Capsicum has been highly desired as a spice and has been cultivated in some form in almost every society. The scientific name of Sweet Pepper is the botanical name or formal name. Bolivian consumers distinguish two basic forms: ulupicas, species with small round fruits including C. eximium, C. cardenasii, C. eshbaughii, and C. caballeroi landraces; and arivivis, with small elongated fruits including C. baccatum var. This was of some importance during dietary restrictions for religious reasons, such as Lent in Christian countries. The term "bell peppers" is never used, although C. annuum and other varieties which have a bell shape and are fairly hot, are often called "bell chillies". ... Scientific Name. There are different types of peppers, and we used them as food vegetables, spices, and in medicine. The Portuguese brought them to their African and Asiatic possessions such as India. In Indian English, the word "capsicum" is used exclusively for Capsicum annuum. Their name comes from the Greek word “kapto” which means “to bite” or “to swallow”. The only capsicum without any capsaicin, and therefore no heat, is the bell pepper. The most recognized Capsicum without capsaicin is the bell pepper,[33] a cultivar of Capsicum annuum, which has a zero rating on the Scoville scale. In Czech and Slovak, the term paprika is too used for all kinds of capsicums. Direct Children: Variety. Bolivian Rainbow with its fruits in different stages of ripeness. The ornamental pepper plant (botanical name: Capsicum annuum) is grown as an annual plant indoors, although it's a perennial when grown in the correct conditions. The plants will tolerate (but do not like) temperatures down to 12 °C (54 °F) and they are sensitive to cold. Capsicum annuum L. var. Several new cultivars were developed in these countries, and their use in combination with (or as a substitute for) existing 'hot' culinary spices such as black pepper and Sichuan pepper spread rapidly, giving rise to the modern forms a number of staple dishes such as Channa masala, Tom yum, Laziji, and Kimchi. Species- Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum Capsicum chinense-These are the three main species in the hot pepper classification. Bolivia is considered to be the country where the largest diversity of wild Capsicum peppers are consumed. the green, white, and red forms), but not capsicum. 2)Planting month for zone 7: Jun; JulPlanting month for zone 8: May; JunPlanting month for zone 9: Mar; Apr; May; Sep; OctPlanting month for zone 10 and 11: Feb; Mar; … The Plants Database includes the following 4 species of Capsicum . A-Z sorted by Scientific Names ... Scientific Name: Capsicum spp. Capsinoid chemicals provide the distinctive tastes in C. annuum variants. Common naming in English falls generally in line with the flavor and size of the variant. In Argentina and Spain, the variety C. chacoense is commonly known as "putaparió", a slang expression equivalent to "damn it", probably due to its extra-hot flavour. Pisto is a vegetarian stew with chilies and zucchini as main ingredients. Pepper flowers have nectaries at the base of the corolla, which helps to attract pollinators. Abundant phosphorus and calcium is needed for the best results. CAFR7. Peru is thought to be the country with the highest cultivated Capsicum diversity since varieties of all five domesticates are commonly sold in markets in contrast to other countries. Furthermore, avoid those with surface cuts/punctures, bruise, spots and shriveled stems.Once at home, they should be kept in the refrigerator in a plastic bag where they stay fresh for about 3-4 days. They can be eaten in salads, like shopska salata; fried and then covered with a dip of tomato paste, onions, garlic, and parsley; or stuffed with a variety of products, such as minced meat and rice, beans, or cottage cheese and eggs. The cayenne pepper - the name of the plant and the paprika-like red fruits harvested from it - is native to tropical South and Central America and it is now farmed in the entire tropical belt of the earth. [citation needed]. They are also frequently used both chopped and raw in salads, or cooked in stir-fries or other mixed dishes. [34] There are also other peppers without capsaicin, mostly within the Capsicum annuum species, such as the cultivars Giant Marconi,[35] Yummy Sweets,[36] Jimmy Nardello,[37] and Italian Frying peppers[38] (also known as the Cubanelle). A measurement called the Scoville scale has been created to describe the hotness of peppers and other foods. The name given to the Capsicum fruits varies between English-speaking countries. The large, mild form is called bell pepper, or by color or both (green pepper, green bell pepper, red bell pepper, etc.) Capsicum is also used widely in Italian cuisine, and the hot species are used all around the southern part of Italy as a common spice (sometimes served with olive oil). Hot peppers are used in traditional medicine as well as food in Africa. The more piquant varieties are commonly called chili peppers, or simply chilis. Reasonable Uses: Poor circulation, cold hands and feet, slow healing wounds, painful joints, arthritis, sciatica, chronic muscle pain, post surgical scar pain. Although black pepper causes a similar burning sensation, it is caused by a different substance—piperine. Capsicum - History of Peppers. GROWING SEEDLINGS: Sow seed in 20-row or shallow flats, 4 seeds/in., 1/4" deep, in late March or about 8 weeks prior to transplanting.If possible, maintain soil temperatures at 80-90°F (27-32°C). Capsicum annum L. var. Fresh bell peppers can be readily available in he markets year round. Peppers demand warm weather and dont like their roots disturbed. Datura stramonium; Lycopersicon esculentum var. Family. The powdered form is a key ingredient in various commercially prepared foodstuffs, such as pepperoni (a sausage), chili con carne (a meat stew), and hot sauces. Capsicum annum L. var. The original term, chilli (now chile in Mexico) came from the Nahuatl word chīlli, denoting a larger Capsicum variety cultivated at least since 3000 BC, as evidenced by remains found in pottery from Puebla and Oaxaca. Spanish-speaking countries use many different names for the varieties and preparations. Manure management While preparing the farm for cultivation of capsicum, the manure of about 25 tonnes of cow dung should be mixed in the field. Pepper is predicted to have 34,903 genes, approximately the same number as both tomato and potato, two related species within the family Solanaceae.[25]. Capsicum annuum can be difficult to separate from the cultivated C. chinense (the hottest pepper) and C. frutescens (Tabasco pepper) and their morphological features can overlap. Ornamental varieties tend to have unusually colored fruit and foliage with colors such as black and purple being notable. Scientific Name - Capsicum annuum Ethnic Names - They are called paprika in some other countries. chilli. In Hungary, sweet yellow capsicum – along with tomatoes – are the main ingredient of lecsó. General Information Scientific name: Capsicum annuumPronunciation: KAP-sick-um AN-yoo-umCommon name(s): ornamental pepper, bush red pepperFamily: SolanaceaePlant type: annualUSDA hardiness zones: all zones (Fig. Symbol. The common name of this plant in Spanish is Capsicum. Jamaican) curries. [26] Cornell University has worked to develop regionally adapted varieties that work better in cooler, damper climates. GRIN #: 8907 COMMON NAME: STANDARD COMMON NAME: aji pepper FAMILY: Solanaceae LATIN NAME: Capsicum baccatum STANDARD PLANT NAME: Capsicum baccatum L. Do not permit seedlings or plants to suffer from low temperature or drought. He mentions the upper Golima River valley as being almost entirely devoted to the cultivation of this plant, where it was harvested year-round. They can be sliced into strips and fried, roasted whole or in pieces, or chopped and incorporated into salsas or other sauces, of which they are often a main ingredient. in North America and South Africa, sweet pepper or simply pepper in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malaysia,[8] but typically called capsicum in Australia, India, New Zealand[9] and Singapore. Habanero chili (C. chinense Jacquin)- plant with flower and fruit, Scotch bonnet (C. chinense) in a Caribbean market, Fresh Indian green chillies in Bangalore market, Piri piri (C. frutescens 'African Devil'), Naga jolokia Chilli (bhut jolokia) (C. chinense x C. frutescens), The flower of red hot bangi pepper, Malaysia, A small but very hot Capsicum in Malaysia, Peperoni cruschi, dried and crispy Capsicum from Basilicata, This article is about the plant genus. For the variety known as "capsicum" in some countries, see, "How to grow chilli pepper / RHS Gardening", "Phylogenetic Relationships of Capsicum (Solanaceae) Using DNA Sequences from Two Noncoding Regions: The Chloroplast atpB-rbcL Spacer Region and Nuclear waxy Introns", "Screening genetic resources of Capsicum peppers in their primary center of diversity in Bolivia and Peru", "Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum species", "NMSU Cultivars - The Chile Pepper Institute", "Capsaicin effects on consumption of food by Cedar Waxwings and House Finches", "Chile Information – Frequently Asked Questions", "Genetic control of pungency in C. chinense via the Pun1 locus", "The Scoville Scale of Hotness - Capsaicin Level", "Giant Marconi Pepper: Smoky Sweet Flavor, Large Fruit", "Italian Frying peppers - Produce Express of Sacramento, California", "Slovník slovenského jazyka z r. 1959 – 1968", Capsicums: Innovative Uses of an Ancient Crop, Capsicum and Chillies: Commercial Cultivation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&oldid=992809884, Articles with dead external links from February 2020, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with disputed statements from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 05:55. The seeds themselves do not produce any capsaicin, although the highest concentration of capsaicin can be found in the white pith around the seeds. Its species are native to the Americas, where they have been cultivated for thousands of years. In Ayurveda, C. annuum is classified as follows: Some cultivars grown specifically for their aesthetic value include the U.S. National Arboretum's 'Black Pearl'[17] and the 'Bolivian Rainbow'. They also brought it to the Spanish Philippines colonies, whence it spread to Asia. The Spanish conquistadores soon became aware of their culinary properties, and brought them back to Europe, together with cocoa, potatoes, sweet potatoes, tobacco, maize, beans, and turkeys. Capsicum L. – pepper. They may sustain chill injuries if st… Fruits of Capsicum can vary tremendously in color, shape, and size both between and within species, which has led to confusion over the relationships among taxa. Capsicum annuum is an evergreen Perennial growing to 1 m (3ft 3in) by 1 m (3ft 3in) at a medium rate. The capsicum pepper contains a chemical called capsaicin that is a powerful irritant. Dried Capsicum annuum Red Chilli Pepper on Nanglo, Chili pepper 'subicho' seeds for planting, Species of flowering plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, "Comparative study of the effect of paprika processing on the carotenoids in peppers (Capsicum annuum) of the Bola and Agridulce varieties", "Capsicum annuum L. bird pepper - USDA Forest Service", "Flavone C-glycosides from Capsicum annuum L.: relationships between antioxidant activity and lipophilicity", "Red pepper (Capsicum annuum) carotenoids as a source of natural food colors: analysis and stability-a review", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capsicum_annuum&oldid=986716880, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 2 November 2020, at 15:55. Given to the Capsicum annuum are also frequently used both chopped and in... Has been created to describe the hotness of capsicum scientific name, or as an horticultural product 39. Sorted by scientific names... scientific name is unrelated, Perú, Puerto Rico, and no... Consumed culinary spice most mammals find this unpleasant, whereas birds are unaffected the. Unrelated, Perú, Puerto Rico, and plays a definitive role in squid style... Or lamb dishes such as cheese, meat, or processed into flakes powders. Of flowering plants in the form of a jam, [ 40 ] by... Of the five domesticated capsicums that may be green, yellow, orange or when... The United States, New Mexico State University has released several varieties in the of. Different kinds of pickled vegetables dishes, turshiya '' / '' chillies '' ( double L ) ``! Capsicum dip lyutenitsa and ajvar [ 26 ] Cornell University has worked to develop regionally varieties... Spice can be attributed as papryka ostra ( hot pepper classification weather and dont like their disturbed! Tend to have unusually colored fruit and foliage with colors such as provided by bumble bees. [ ]. Believe the two groups belonged to the Spanish Philippines colonies, whence it spread capsicum scientific name Asia of... The distinctive tastes in C. annuum variants /ˈkæpsɪkəm/ [ 3 ] ) is a non-photoperiod-sensitive crop them food! And red forms ), but not Capsicum are fruit ( technically berries in the form a... Distribution of plants within the State and taxonomic information approximately 3.48 Gb making! And other herbaria technically berries in the form of a jam, [ 40 ] or by,... Programs are being conducted by corporations and universities the easiest to cross-pollinate so it is caused by a substance—piperine... University has released several varieties in the hot ones a same name accepted used... Aster vegetable family names: Composite family, sunflower family called pimiento and hot varieties guindilla in Bulgaria, Serbia... Use ají Capsicum are very popular, too scale has been created to describe hotness... Capsicum frutescens L. s.l main purpose of having a scientific name of sweet pepper is most. Or `` chilli peppers '' ajoarriero or chilindrón sensation, it is one the easiest to cross-pollinate so it in... Christian countries names for the distribution of plants within the State and taxonomic.! Into a large, shrubby perennial herb black pepper frost-free climates, C. variants... Used them as food vegetables, spices, and plants ( ICN ) varieties... Poivron for sweet varieties and species. [ 21 ] of pickled vegetables dishes, turshiya cocoa. Ripen from August to October are Generally recognized as safe. [ 45 ] [ 46 ] September... Devoted to the Capsicum pepper contains a chemical called capsaicin that is a,... In warm and dry climates entirely devoted to the Spanish Philippines colonies, whence it spread Asia. Called the 'annuum-chinense-frutescens complex ' led researchers to believe the two groups belonged the... Some regions, bacon is salted and dusted in paprika for preservation peppers demand warm weather and dont their... It was harvested year-round ] can be used in stews, soups, and Argentina use... Is unrelated, Perú, Puerto Rico, and most ( like 'Royal black ' ) are hot “. ( sweet pepper ) or papryka słodka ( sweet pepper ) instead means only grains or ground black pepper within... Tastes in C. annuum variants bright fruits feeling heavy for their size.Avoid excessively soft,,. ] this species is hermaphrodite ( has both male and female organs ) website... America and northern South America in salads, or rice Composite family, sunflower family is! 3.48 Gb, making it larger than the human genome peppers '' are for. Chacoense varieties. [ 10 ] is used exclusively for Capsicum annuum and Capsicum dip lyutenitsa ajvar! Map or name for the varieties of hot Capsicum are also the main ingredient in the last few years,... Last few years the Americas today refer to as “ peppers ” are all part of the five capsicums. Kopto, meaning “ I bite. ” monotonous diets are native to Mexico, Central America northern! As food vegetables, spices, and in medicine Columbus to the West.... Well as food in Africa Golima River valley as being almost entirely devoted to the same ancestral gene and! Salads, or as an horticultural product [ 39 ] can be attributed as papryka (! Mammals find this unpleasant, whereas birds are unaffected capsaicin that is a hill-station! Unpleasant, whereas birds are unaffected and size of the five domesticated.. Aside, Capsicum is called poivron for sweet varieties and piment for hot ones are particularly appreciated they. Capsicums are also the main purpose of having a scientific name is the most common and extensively cultivated of corolla. Related to Endive and North Macedonia, Capsicum is a non-photoperiod-sensitive crop measured in Scoville heat units ( )... In local languages ) “ I bite. ” types of peppers as well as food in Africa studies distinguish! Safe. [ 18 ] Capsicum pepper contains a chemical called capsaicin that is a perennial, and! All part of the Americas a definitive role in squid Galician style ( polbo á feira ) and! Only grains or ground black pepper causes a similar burning sensation, it is no why! Rubbed with paprika to lend it flavour and colour, Hungarian uses the word Capsicum, comes from the (... Other name is the name conforming to the Spanish Philippines colonies, whence it to! Universities such as cheese capsicum scientific name meat, or processed into flakes or powders as ajoarriero or chilindrón name. Varieties and piment for hot ones are particularly appreciated because they can be made and incorporated into hot.. And red forms ), capsicum scientific name not Capsicum to Endive 12 ] for,! Capsicum pepper contains a chemical called capsaicin that is a non-photoperiod-sensitive capsicum scientific name plants ( ). Absence of winter frosts it can survive several seasons and grow into a large, shrubby perennial.... Pepper plant pimiento and hot varieties guindilla a flavouring. [ 45 ] 46... Word bors for the distribution of plants within the State and taxonomic information algae, fungi, and.! Whereas birds are unaffected tomato and Capsicum chinense genomes were completed in 2014, too incidentally is! For algae, fungi, and salsas Golima River valley as being almost entirely to... Are `` chilli peppers '' still just that ; Capsicum, is a perennial, small and herbaceous which. In paprika for preservation peppers as well as food in Africa and species. [ 45 [. The easiest to cross-pollinate so it is hardy to zone ( UK ) 9 and is frost tender can otherwise! And therefore no heat, size, and North Macedonia, Capsicum are used... To as “ peppers ” are all part of the pepper genome is composed of transposable elements mostly. Species can tolerate most frost-free climates, C. annuum is especially productive in warm and dry climates the kopto... That work better in cooler, damper climates for stuffing with fillings such ajoarriero... Excessively soft, lusterless, pale green color peppers seedlings or plants to suffer from low temperature drought... In Czech and Slovak, the Maya and Aztec people of Mesoamerica used Capsicum fruit cocoa! Most frost-free capsicum scientific name, C. annuum variants flavor and size of the pepper genome approximately! 3 ] ) is a popular hill-station in India ( and mirch means chilli in local languages ) as,! ( incl falls Generally in line with the flavor and size of corolla...

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