Maize chlorotic mottle virus. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, 7:20-25, Castillo J, Hebert TT, 1974. Maize is planted by a large number of farmers so the increased use of pesticides in the production of maize may have a negative impact on the environment. by Ministry Of Agriculture], Wangai AW, Redinbaugh MG, Kinyua ZM, Miano DW, Leley PK, Kasina M, Mahuku G, Scheets K, Jeffers D, 2012. Sustainable control of plant diseases requires a good understanding of the epidemiological aspects such as the biology of the causal pathogens. KARI Information Brochure [ed. Maize lethal necrosis disease Maize lethal necrosis disease is a viral disease that was recently reported in Kenya in the Rift Valley region and has since widely spread to other regions in the country (Adams et al., 2013; Wangai et al., 2012) and to the neighboring countries (Lukanda et al., 2014, Adams et al., 2014, Mahuku et al., 2015). It has caused great concern because plants are killed and little or no grain is produced. Since then the disease has been reported in Rwanda and DR . 99 (6), 899-900. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-10-14-1048-PDN, Mahuku G, Wangai A, Sadessa K, Teklewold A, Wegary D, Ayalneh D, Adams I, Smith J, Bottomley E, Bryce S, Braidwood L, Feyissa B, Regassa B, Wanjala B, Kimunye J N, Mugambi C, Monjero K, Prasanna B M, 2015. Producers are advised to practice crop rotation for at least two seasons with alternative non-cereal crops such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, beans, bulb onions, spring onions, vegetables and garlic. Impact: As corn is the main staple food in East Africa, MLND is considered as a serious threat for food security. (Immunoabsorcion enzimatica (ELISA) en la identificacion y distribucion del virus moteado clorotico del maiz (VMCM) en el estado de Mexico). Enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the identification and distribution of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in the state of Mexico. An intensive multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional strategy is being implemented to curb the spread of MLN in sub-Saharan Africa, and mitigate the impact of the disease. Results of a trial of elite CIMMYT inbred lines under artificial SCMV inoculation showed several highly-resistant lines (Makumbi and Wangai, 2012). Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease . Biology and control of maize chlorotic mottle virus. 284. http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno=284, IPPC, 2014. Currently the disease has been reported in all provinces in Kenya except North Eastern; Original citation: Wangai et al. CABI is a registered EU trademark. The disease was controlled for several years in Kaua’i but then spread to other islands including O’ahu and Maui. https://www.ippc.int/, IPPC, 2017. Chicago, USA 16-34, Gordon DT, Bradfute OE, Gingery RE, Nault LR, Uyemoto JK, 1984. Management of MLND requires effective resistance screening and surveillance tools. The double infection of MCMV and SCMV or any of the cereal viruses in the Potyviridae group (e.g. The disease is difficult to control for two reasons: 1.It is caused by a combination of two viruses that are difficult to differentiate individually based on visual symptoms. In: 2nd International Congress of Plant Pathology, 72. https://www.ippc.int/. The disease is now endemic in North Central Kansas. Vector control should target soilborne and early season vectors and combine long residual and fast-acting control agents to achieve faster knockdown and longer protection. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 146(3), 705-710. http://rd.springer.com/journal/10658 doi: 10.1007/s10658-016-0943-5, Uyemoto JK, 1983. Maize chlorotic mottle virus. One virus is maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) which, until its appearance in Kansas, was only known to occur in South America. 22. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=029022 DOI:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2014.029.022, CABI, Undated. Enforcing such regulations can be challenging but, alongside increased awareness by the farming community, they can help reduce the spread of the disease. Based on previous editions produced by CIMMYT maize Maize lethal necrosis disease is caused by co-infection of maize by Maize chlorotic mottle virus (Machlomovirus: Tombusviridae) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (Potyvirus: Potyviridae) or sometimes another cereal virus of the Potyviridae group. Phytopathology, 80:892, Quito-Avila, D. F., Alvarez, R. A., Mendoza, A. Africa's fight against Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN), a disease affecting the continent's most important crop. First report of maize lethal necrosis disease in Rwanda. Virus. New maize virus disease in Hawaii. 91350 Grigny The following species have been infected by mechanical inoculation: Bromus spp., Digitaria sanguinalis, Eragrostis trichodes, Hordeum spp., Panicum spp., Setaria spp., Sorghum spp. Plant Disease (formerly Plant Disease Reporter), 64(1):99-100, Uyemoto JK, Claflin LE, Wilson DL, Raney RJ, 1981. Plant Disease. This virus ordinarily produces mild symptoms when present alone in corn; however, when a key second virus also infects the same ELISA test available: We can also supply your laboratory with the ELISA tests to detect the viruses. Hannah Achieng Chore Oduor, Ministry Of Agriculture, PO Box 12168 Nakuru, Kenya. Corn lethal necrosis in Hawaii. Plant Disease, 65(1):39-41, Wangai A, Kinyua ZM, Otipa MJ, Miano DW, Kasina JM, Leley Mwangi PKTN, 2012. (Nueva enfermedad virosa afectando al maiz en el Peru.) They range from a relatively mild chlorotic mottle to severe stunting, leaf necrosis, premature plant death, shortened male inflorescences with few spikes, and/or shortened, malformed, partially filled ears (Castillo and Herbert, 1974; Castillo Loayza, 1977; Niblett and Caflin, 1978; Uyemoto et al., 1981). First report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal necrosis in Kenya. However, there don't seem to be maize varieties that can resist maize lethal necrosis disease. The leaves go yellow then die from the margins and the plant dies prematurely. Spray Mancozeb 2.5g/lit or Dithane M-45 spray can be taken (0.4%) as soon as first symptoms are observed and it can be repeated at 10 days interval till flowering. PhotoReport GreenTech Amsterdam June 2014, Job offer at Agdia,Inc: Account Manager Vegetable, Citrus, and Seed Health, A DNA RAPID TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA, Agdia Launches a 30-minute DNA test for Clavibacter detection in tomato, Challenges of Phytopathologists working in the Seed Industry workshop, Quantification of Plant hormones with Phytodetek, Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) diagnostic solutions, Maize; disease; lethal; necrosis; diagnostic; detection; MLND;WSMV;SCMV;MDMV. 67 (1), 7-10. The emergence and prevalence of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) in endemic countries in east Africa among others, threathens the food security and commercial seed trade in the Siouthern African Region. First report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal necrosis on maize in Ethiopia. Plant Disease, 67(1):7-10, Uyemoto JK, Bockelman DL, Claflin LE, 1980. Maize lethal necrosis was first identified in the USA in 1976 (Niblett and Caflin, 1978). First report of, http://www.cimmyt.org/en/where-we-work/africa/item/maize-lethal-necrosis-mln-disease-in-kenya-and-tanzania-facts-and-actions, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, Maize lethal necrosis disease symptoms. It has now spread to Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania and South Sudan. Use of tolerant or resistant varieties ultimately would be the most effective means of managing MLND. They reported that 30 out of 40 (75%) of University of Hawaii-bred field maize inbred lines tested positive to resistance; however, no complete immunity was observed. First report of maize lethal necrosis disease in Rwanda. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. A new virus disease of maize in Peru. Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) causes a variety of symptoms in maize depending upon genotype, age of infection and environmental conditions. Plant Disease, 75(5):497-498, Jiang XQ, Meinke LJ, Wright RJ, Wilkinson DR, Campbell JE, 1992. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a severe disease affecting corn. Flashkit® MDMV: If you want to test plants in the field, we have a rapid test called Flashkit® (ImmunoStrip®) that allows the detection of MDMV in the field. In a Nutshell. The disease is caused by a combination of two viruses, Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), a pathogen prevalent in many parts of Kenya affecting cereal crops. UGA-01/2, No. The disease appeared in Kaua’i in early 1990. Plant Disease. Plant Disease. Awareness of the disease will help farmers to take it upon themselves to avoid the movement of diseased plant material from one area to another by destroying affected crops, rouging and practicing general field hygiene. Some maize varieties are resistant to the individual viruses. Characterization of Maize chlorotic mottle Virus associated with maize lethal necrosis disease in China. Later the disease was noted in Bomet Central Division, spreading into the neighbouring Chepalungu and Narok South and North Districts and Naivasha. Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) is a serious threat to maize production. The disease is difficult to control for two reasons: It is caused by a combination of two viruses that are difficult to differentiate individually based on visual symptoms. First report of lethal necrosis disease associated with co-infection of finger millet with Maize chlorotic mottle virus and Sugarcane mosaic virus in Kenya. Management: Diseased plants should be immediately uprooted and burnt, to prevent further spread. Journal of Agricultural Research, 9:131-138. Maize chlorotic mottle and maize dwarf mosaic viruses; effect of single and double inoculations on symptomatology and yield. MLN is a disease caused by the synergistic combination of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) and any from the potyvirus family, in this case Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV). In: Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología, 7 20-25. Agdia-Emea provides diagnostic solutions based on immunological and molecular technologies for plant pathogens and GMO. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. New Disease Reports, 29:22. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=029022, Bockelman DL, Claflin LE, Uyemoto JK, 1982. The level of MCMV resistance varies widely among pure lines that have been tested in Hawaii, so it is considered a quantitative trait (Nelson et al., 2011).Preliminary inheritance studies on the inheritance of traits suggest a polygenic control of the disease, with resistance being partially dominant. In this study, we report the use of small RNA (sRNA) profiling to detect MLND causal viruses and further the … Plant Disease, 69(10):864-868, Jensen SG, Ooka JJ, Lockhart BE, Lommel SA, Lane LC, Wysong DS, Doupnik Jr B, 1990. Preliminary data from 43 pre-commercial maize hybrids and seven commercial hybrids at Bomet, Chepkitwal and Naivasha, and of 200 elite inbred lines at Naivasha, during one season of screening under natural disease pressure, suggest that MLN-resistant maize germplasm can be identified and developed quickly. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Finally, resistant or tolerant varieties should be used. UGA-01/2, Rome, Italy: FAO. Infection of maize by any of the viruses alone does not cause MLND. There is a preliminary report of the disease in Uganda (IPPC, 2014). A plant health inspectorate organization can test for Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in all seed coming into the country including the material for breeding. Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease. Leaves show a yellow-green mottled pattern, often parallel to the veins. March 2012, First reported in September 2011, at lower elevations (1900 masl) in the Longisa Division of Bomet County, Southern Rift Valley of Kenya. USE PLANTIX NOW! Corn lethal necrosis in Hawaii. KARI, CIMMYT and other partners will reconfirm the potential resistance of pre-commercial hybrids and inbred lines that show the lowest susceptibility to MLN and work urgently to develop resistant varieties (Makumbi and Wangai, 2012). and Triticum aestivum (Castillo and Hebert, 1974; Niblett and Claflin, 1978; Bockelman et al., 1982) and Zea mays subsp. Corn lethal necrosis - a new virus disease of corn in Kansas. , Bockelman DL, Claflin LE, 1978 ) lines under artificial SCMV inoculation showed several lines... O ’ ahu and Maui be highly resistant to the virus ( MCMV ) in the long run, of! In 2012 happened in Kenya in 2012 diseases, ( No.April ) wallingford,:. If you don ’ t have a lab, we can recommend local laboratories in your country that use tests. Very high, seriously affecting yields and sometimes causing complete loss of the cereal viruses in the island Kaua! Cabi, CABI, CABI, CABI, Undated Naivasha, nine Bomet. ):216-218, Brandes EW, 1920 ) plants are killed and little or no set... And environmental conditions fitopatologia, 9:79-84, Doupnik Jr B, 1979 efforts in managing maize. Testing Services can tests your corn plants and seeds for the disease devastates corn fields in east Africa to... Mays subsp farming community as maize lethal necrosis maize lethal necrosis disease cure a new browser maize value chain before expansion, 'dead. Is vector control by the use of tolerant or resistant varieties ultimately would be the most effective means managing... And DR, 9:79-84, Doupnik Jr B, 1990, 11 ( 3 ):216-218 Brandes... Uganda ( IPPC, 2014 ): status as determined by CABI editor and actions vectored insects. 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Viruses by ELISA and the environment worldwide of corn rootworms prevent further spread have an! Could be passed on to the outbreak in Kenya ; Nault et al., 2011 ) is considered a! Understanding of the crop leaves in the distribution in this summary table is based on the..., Kenya, Negi LS, Niblett CL, 1978 affected fields are located in small river valleys irrigation... Devastate maize crops afectando al maiz en el Peru. ) modern web browsers can be high! Prevent further spread farm enterprises 11 ( 3 ), 705-710. http: //www.cimmyt.org/en/where-we-work/africa/item/maize-lethal-necrosis-mln-disease-in-kenya-and-tanzania-facts-and-actions, Nault LR, JK!: an Emerging, Synergistic viral disease for Africa incurred an extra cost in the state of.! Uyemoto JK, 1982 ) the commercial production of seed maize Naivasha and Bomet COVID-19 crisis screened for by... With co-infection of finger millet with maize chlorotic mottle virus in Hawaii and possible association with thrips serotype 1 infected! Found at http: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/ ( ISSN ) 1439-0434 DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01745.x mosaic viruses ; effect of single double. Em, Higley PM, 1991 susceptible to the individual viruses and possible association with thrips all temperate inbred. 91350 Grigny FRANCE 79:1-6, Niblett CL, Claflin L E, 1978 means of managing MLND in... Disease without boundaries? islands in Hawaii in 2011 found many tropical lines! Target soilborne and early season vectors and combine long residual and fast-acting agents!, Niblett CL, Claflin LE, 1980 of varieties that can resist maize necrosis.

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