In terms of housing type, home-ownership was minimal among the single mothers in the present study, indicating a less stable housing environment relative to the control group. Meanwhile, a comparison of occupations found that 66.1% of the married mothers were homemakers, and that 87% of the single mothers worked outside the home, with the majority of these latter mothers being employed in the service industry or as menial workers. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. These risk factors were more frequently found among those in financial hardship. Focusing on the single mothers, a higher alcohol use score was found among the depressed than the non-depressed. NLM A total of 497 single-parent households were selected by stratified random sampling. Relationship among employment status, stressful life events, and depression in single mothers. On the other hand, 86.8% of the two-parent households had an average monthly income of two to five million KRW, whereas only 3.1% had an average monthly income of less than two million KRW, indicating a significantly higher proportion of households with a low average monthly income among the single mothers (p < 0.001). This finding illustrates that single mothers’ difficulties stem more from economic hardships and instability than from psychological pain. Single and married mothers were followed up over a 2-year period during which time rates of psychosocial risk factors, onset of depression and experience of chronic episodes were measured. Sleep deprivation is a fragile foundation on which to cope with other challenges. For the control group, which comprised married mothers of two-parent families, a total of 1,000 community members were selected via stratified random sampling as part of the same city’s “2009 Mental Healthcare Project: Community survey”; they were then visited at their homes by the surveyors for 1:1 interviews. Introduction: Previous research has shown single mothers to be at greater risk for both physical and mental health disorders as compared to married mothers. [4], single-parent households headed by mothers are more likely to experience poor mental health than two-parent households; and the most significant contributors to such mental health issues are economic hardship and a lack of social support. There is a troubling trend that researchers have identified again and again – low-income parents, especially single mothers, have higher rates of depression and depressive symptoms than their higher-income counterparts. Outcomes among pregnant recently incarcerated women attending a reentry transitions clinic. Meanwhile, among the non-depressed single mothers, Jeonse rental housing was also in the majority, at 63.1%; this was followed by own homes (at 16.2%), monthly rental housing (15.4%), and public rental housing (5.4%). Stress level was significantly higher among the single mothers than among the married mothers. The mean age of the single mothers was 42.7 years, which is not significantly different from the mean age of the married mothers of two-parent households. Furthermore, as the single parent family structure forces such parents to seek employment outside the home, single mothers are more likely to experience increased economic hardship and parenting stress [3], which also leads to an increased risk of employment and housing insecurity. Among mothers who were single at childbirth, 20.6% experienced symptoms of postpartum depression compared to 11.5% of cohabitating mothers (p = 0.028). Yes Participants were 195 single mothers and 357 married mothers living in an urban community in South Korea. The 2015 survey also found an average income of 1.74 million KRW among single-parent households, with single-parent households headed by mothers having the lowest average income, at 1.48 million KRW (such a level of income is one quarter that of the average national monthly household income); furthermore, it also reported that more economically disadvantaged single parents had depression than their more well-off counterparts [2]. Furthermore, after adjusting for covariates, living in rental housing (OR = 11.46, 95% CI 1.72–76.46) was found to be an independent risk factor of depression in the single mothers, while stress (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.09–1.24) was found to have this effect on the married mothers. Finally, the mean AUDIT-K score for the single mothers was also significantly higher than that for the married mothers in the control group (7.1 vs. 5.8, p = 0.023) (Table 1). To examine the correlations between the continuous variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. However, by using a cut-off score of 25 points, which has been suggested in many previous Korean epidemiologic studies, the limitations of the self-reporting scale were minimized as much as possible. 1999 Dec;49(12):1637-49. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00251-8. The CES-D is known to be particularly appropriate for use in epidemiological research because of its conciseness, and also because it assesses the severity of symptoms based on their duration. 2 Depression affects people in different ways. The survey also found that, at 43.7%, the majority of single-parent households consisted of a mother and child [2]. Single mothers Crosstabs.  |  Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine independent factors affecting single mothers’ depression. The number of single-parent households in Korea has been rising in recent years, from 1,594,000 households in 2010 to 1,783,000 households in 2015. Morse DS, Wilson JL, Driffill NJ, Lauture J, Khan A, King-Turner SO. CONCLUSIONS: Single mothers reported more childhood abuse and experienced higher levels of poverty and psychiatric disorders than married mothers. At 50.8%, the majority of the depressed single mothers lived in Jeonse rental housing, and this was followed by public rental housing (at 27.7%) and monthly rental housing (18.5%); home ownership among this group of mothers was only 3.1%. Investigation, Does financial hardship account for elevated psychological distress in lone mothers? Of a total of 195 single mothers, 65 had a CES-D score of 25 points or higher, resulting in a depression prevalence of 33%; on the other hand, only 29 of the 357 married mothers had a score exceeding the cut-off point, resulting in an 8% prevalence. Single mothers were twice as likely as their married counterparts to be in financial hardship, despite being twice as likely to be in full-time employment. A new Child Trends’ study found that more than half of a group of low-income mothers in Maryland felt down, depressed, or hopeless in the past year and almost a third … Regarding the AUDIT-K score, the mean score of the depressed single mothers was significantly higher than that of their non-depressed counterparts (9.5 vs. 6, p = 0.003); however, the difference between the depressed and non-depressed married mothers in the control group was not significant. Copyright: © 2018 Kim et al. Among the single mothers, the risk of depression increased as household income level decreased, as residential instability increased, as the level of stress increased, and as the severity of drinking problems increased. Yangcheon-gu is largely divided into three dongs (the smallest administrative unit): Mok-dong, Sinwol-dong, and Shinjeong-dong, and these three dongs are further divided into nineteen smaller dongs. At 59%, the survey response rate among single-parent households was low, which may have introduced a selection bias. Single parents with low educational attainment are more likely to receive government support as beneficiaries of national basic livelihood [2], and belonging to a socioeconomically disadvantaged group tends to increase the hardships they experience regarding raising and educating their children, which subsequently contributes to increased rates of depression [16]. Writing – review & editing. Monthly rental housing is a system of paying monthly rent to the landlord. Psychiatric disorders, in particular depression, have been shown to be more prevalent in single mothers than married mothers. In the current study, the Korean-language version translated by Koh and Park was used [10]. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. The study was approved by Institutional Review Board of Ewha University Medical Center. A univariate logistic regression performed to analyze depression risk factors found the following. The mean CES-D (depression scale) score for the single mothers was 20.9 points, which approximated to the cut-off score of 21 points that is typically used in epidemiologic research to determine a significant level of depression; meanwhile, the mean score among the married mothers was 12.5 points. 2007 Jan;42(1):6-13. doi: 10.1007/s00127-006-0125-4. To assess depressive symptoms, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used, which is the most commonly used epidemiologic survey tool for all ages [7]. 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